Sublethal effects of temperature on freshwater organisms, with special reference to aquatic insects

Authors

  • HF Dallas 1. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; 2. Freshwater Research Centre, PO Box 43966, Scarborough 7975, South Africa
  • V Ross-Gillespie Freshwater Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v41i5.15

Keywords:

biotic responses, experimental, riverine ecosystems, thermal research, tolerance

Abstract

Water temperature is a key variable affecting aquatic organisms. Understanding their response to elevated water temperatures is important for estimating upper thermal limits, and ultimately for assisting with setting defendable, biologically-relevant water temperature guidelines for lotic systems. Sublethal effects impacting on an individual organism or species may manifest at higher levels of the hierarchy, namely, populations, communities and entire ecosystems. Sublethal effects typically include those affecting an organism’s physiology and metabolism (e.g. growth rates, secondary productivity, respiration); phenology (e.g. development time, voltinism, emergence); reproductive success and fitness (e.g. fecundity, rates and success of egg development and hatching); behaviour (e.g. migration, movement, drift); and broad-scale ecological effects (e.g. species richness, composition, density, distribution patterns). Sublethal effects are discussed with examples drawn from freshwater studies, in particular those focused on aquatic insects. Commonly-used methods, which vary from simple, cost-effective, laboratory-based methods to more elaborate, expensive, laboratory- and field-based studies, are assimilated to serve as a toolbox for future thermal research. Ultimately, the method adopted depends largely on the question(s) being asked and available resources.

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Published

2015-10-29

How to Cite

HF Dallas, & V Ross-Gillespie. (2015). Sublethal effects of temperature on freshwater organisms, with special reference to aquatic insects. Water SA, 41(5 October). https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v41i5.15